War Palace and Knee Pillow, Austria’s Destiny

Regarding the attitude of the Croatians, the Hungarian military had been prepared for a long time, but Kossuth was somewhat unprepared. He could not accept such generous conditions offered by himself. The cause of the Magyars was so glorious and great.

Jelačić, who refused the proposal, was a lackey of the empire, and the Habsburg minions were definitely the priority targets for sanctions.

However, neither the old nobles nor the future leaders of the Hungarian military were willing to take over this hot potato.

First of all, going to the mountainous areas to suppress bandits is not an easy task. The terrain of Croatia is complex, and even if you can win on the frontal battlefield, the advancement speed will not be very ideal.

Secondly, the Croatian region is a remote country in the eyes of the Hungarians. There is no money to be made in this kind of place, which will make the soldiers lack motivation.

The last and most critical point is that Croatia has 80,000 regular troops, a large number of fortifications, and the folk customs are strong and will not surrender easily.

Although the Hungarians felt that Jelacic lacked brains, they also admitted that this man was a tough guy, so a very embarrassing situation arose.

No one in Hungary wanted to be the leader, so Kossuth naturally could not allow this to happen. He appointed a military noble to support Hungary.

Mogao Janos had been in a low position before 1848, and it was not until he met Kossuth that he received attention.

But this guy's luck ended here. In history, he met Prince Windischgrätz on his first expedition with troops, and then returned defeated.

That's right, it was Prince Windischgratz who lacked military talent, so it was not unjust that Mogao Janos had been neglecting his talents for many years.

Mogao Janos led the army for the second time. The Hungarian rebellion was coming to an end, and his task was to ensure that Budapest would not be captured.

This was obviously an impossible task, but due to his stubborn resistance and the lack of relatives and friends to help him clear the way, he became one of the last thirteen victims.

His luck was still not very good in this life. Croatia had to fight, but Kossuth really couldn't allocate too many troops to him.

Therefore, Mogao Janos could only lead an army claimed to be 50,000 people, but actually less than 30,000 people into the mountains to suppress the bandits.

Historically, the Croats did not have a strong concept of the nation before 1848. There were two main points of conflict between them and the Hungarian government.

The first is their attitude towards the Habsburg family. They chose loyalty and did not want to leave the empire. They did not even have a strong desire to expand their autonomy.

The second is language and cultural issues. After Széchenyi called for the revival of Hungary, the Hungarian Parliament began to ban all languages ​​except Hungarian, including German and Latin.

This move was naturally opposed by representatives of other ethnic groups in the territory of St. Stephen's Crown, but no one except the Croatians dared to really stand up.

There is a fact that goes against common sense here. The Croatian nobles did not fight for their right to use Croatian. What they asked for was the right to use German and Latin in parliament.

For this reason, the Croatian aristocracy has been in constant friction with the mainstream Hungarian forces since the 1830s, but the latter did not dare to be too obvious after all. After all, German and Latin are also involved in the country and religion.

In addition, the obliteration and stigmatization of other national cultures was unbearable. At that time, a group of new Hungarian historians emerged. Their slogan was "There are no heroes except the Magyars, and all glory belongs to Hungary."

For this reason, they invented and created a lot of history. The ancestors of the Magyars were brave and invincible. They conquered Europe as Asians and successfully defended Europe as Europeans.

Esebet Bartoli, the notorious vampire countess in history. According to legend, in order to stay young forever, she crazily murdered 650 girls in thirty years, and another legend said that she killed 3,000 girls.

Another major prototype of the rebellious Bluebeard in Western fairy tales, Marshal Gilderais of France, only murdered 300 boys in eight years.

Esebet Bartoli drained the blood of the girls and used it for drinking and bathing.

In short, such a person should have nothing to do with good people, but for a long time, Esebet Bartoli was forcibly transformed into a national hero against the Austrians, because she took the German maid beside her All used for juicing.

The opposite of the crazy whitewashing of the Magyar heroes is the obliteration of other national heroes. Almost all Slavic heroes have become barbaric and ignorant bandits, while the German philosophers are a group of self-righteous clowns. As for the Italian ancient Romans The sages are even more useless trash.

The word bandit deeply hurts the hearts of the Croatians, because their history is not ashamed of robbery, but this does not mean that they like to be called bandits.

In fact, Croatian nationalism largely comes from the stimulation of the Hungarians. The Hungarians' obliteration of language and culture has led to a strong resistance among the Croatians.

As a result, some people began to collect and organize Croatian history and language in order to counterattack the Hungarians. In this confrontation, Croatian nationalism gradually awakened.

Compared with the Croatians, the Serbs are much worse off.

First of all, the Serbian population is too small, and due to the relatively scattered living areas, it is difficult to gather enough strength except in Vojvodina.

There are also Serbian settlements in Banat, Slavonia, and Krajina, but their strength is not very strong.

The Serbs are actually a nation that responded more actively to the call of the new Hungary. Their representatives enthusiastically participated in the swearing-in meeting held in Budapest.

Although the Serbs are a marginalized ethnic group in the Austrian Empire, they also want to expand their autonomy. After all, they have Hungary in front of them.

However, when the Serbian representative met Kossuth and expressed his hope to expand the autonomy of the Serbian people, it would be best to get a piece of land, but he was told.

“The true meaning of liberty lies in its recognition of the inhabitants of the country as a whole, rather than in the division into castes or privileged groups, and in its imparting to all, without distinction of language or religion, the gospel of common liberty.”

Although he was a little confused, the Serbian representative decided to continue listening. After all, it sounded very noble and mentioned equality and freedom. Such beautiful words must not be too bad.

However, they soon became disappointed because what Kossuth really wanted to say was.

“If the kingdom is to be unified, then Hungarian must be the only official language.”

Finally, at the swearing-in meeting against the Austrian Empire, Kossuth solemnly declared: "Under the sacred crown of Hungary, I only recognize one country and one nation - Great Magyar! Long live!"

"Long live!"

There were loud cheers in the venue, but the Serbian representatives quietly slipped out of the venue. What they wanted was to restore the patriarchal system and get a piece of their own land from the Austrian Empire, not to work for the Hungarians for free.

However, a weak nation did not have the right to bargain. When Hungarian officials and troops arrived, the Serbs could only choose to join or be forced to join the Hungarian cause.

Some villages tried to invoke the imperial code to protect their legal rights, while some villages organized militias to try to defend their rights with force.

The Serbians of this era did not lack blood, and the harsh living environment tempered their strong will.

However, everything was in vain. The Orthodox priest who tried to quote the Imperial Code was crucified with the Austrian Codex hanging on his chest.

The Serbian militiamen were slaughtered like pigs and dogs by the Magyar cavalry, and those who surrendered could not escape the fate of being hanged.

Every village the Hungarians passed through had Serb corpses hanging on the trees.

The most typical example is a small town called Becey located in Patna. The town organized a militia to resist the forced expropriation of the Hungarians.

Unfortunately, the militiamen were completely vulnerable to the regular army. According to survivors’ accounts:

"The Magyars were furious. After several hours of chaos and disorder, a series of serious violence ensued, in which at least 250 Serbians were massacred.

It’s so scary to think about it! This is the real war of genocide."

Becey had less than a thousand inhabitants, and almost all the young men died after the massacre.

The belongings of the small town residents also became the spoils of the Magyars. Such tragedies were staged one after another in Serbian villages.

General János Hrabowski led this massacre of the Serbs. He always had only one thing, which was to kill them all.

However, slaughter also requires methods. He always kills part and leaves part for the victim to hope for, so as to reduce resistance.

Historically, his massacre policy began in November 1848 and lasted until February 1849 when it was forced to stop due to the offensive pressure of the Austrian Empire.

General János Hrabowski claimed that he was only faithfully following orders from the Hungarian government and was ultimately spared liquidation after the war.

Kossuth called him a traitor to Hungary and said the massacre was a personal act of János Hrabowski and had nothing to do with the Hungarian government.

The actions lasted for nearly four months. If it was an individual act, then this person had a lot of energy.

According to the explanation of the famous "traitor" Carl Leiningen-Count of Westersburg, it was the Serbs who took the lead in attacking the Hungarians and massacred the surrounding towns.

The great Hungarian army was forced to defend itself, while the civilians were duly punished for aiding the guerrillas.

As for the burning of the village, there are two reasons. The main reason is that the Serbs improperly operated heating in winter, causing the fire to pour sewage on Hungary's head.

The second point is that the fighting in some villages was too fierce and there were too many corpses to bury, so they burned them to prevent the spread of the disease.

Due to geographical dispersion, the Serbians are unable to have a strong figure like Jelacic who can turn the tide.

However, unlike history, the Serbs did not have nowhere to escape. Due to Franz's previous population relocation plan in Belgrade, there were nearly 300,000 Serbs in Vojvodina at this time, and they were protected by the royal family.

As a result, a large number of Serbians fled to Vojvodina with their families.