Rewrite the Technological Landscape

At one o'clock in the afternoon on February 25, Meng Qian waited patiently in a box of a teahouse at the gate of Yanda. At one o'clock and five minutes, three men knocked on the door of the box.

The person who walked in the front was Fang Chen, and the two people who followed him in looked to be in their fifties or sixties, with light gray hair on both temples.

"Mr. Meng." Fang Chen said hello after entering the door and turned sideways to introduce, "These two are Mr. Liang Zhiguo and Mr. Zhu Weijun. Two, this is Meng Qian, the legendary boss of Dafeng Science and Technology Innovation."

"Uncle Fang made fun of me again." Meng Qian stepped forward to shake hands with the two, "Sit down and chat, both of you."

After everyone sat down, Meng Qian first poured tea for the three of them, and then added some to his own teacup, "The time of both of you is precious, so I'll cut to the chase?"

"Mr. Meng, please tell me." Liang Zhiguo nodded with a smile.

"Uncle Fang should have told both of you about my future ideas, so I won't repeat them. There are two main things to look for today. The first thing is, I want to learn from these two professionals. The real history and current situation of the development of Huaxia lithography machine."

Liang Zhiguo and Zhu Weijun looked at each other. Both of them came from Huadian Branch 45, the place that produced China's first step-by-step lithography machine.

It was Liang Zhiguo who said, "Mr. Meng's question is quite difficult to answer. Because of the special nature of the lithography machine industry, no one in China can completely objectively judge its history and current situation."

"Then from Mr. Liang's point of view, let's describe it subjectively."

Liang Zhiguo took a breath and thought quietly for a few seconds, "Then I will try to be as objective as possible. The development of our Huaxia lithography machine and the development of the entire semiconductor industry can be seen together. In 1958, we had the first silicon single crystal. Neon Country was two years earlier. We had the first integrated circuit in 1965, and our first contact lithography machine, the GK-3 lithography machine, was produced in 1977.

After GK-3 is GK-4, but they all belong to contact lithography machines. Until 1981, we had JK-1 semi-automatic proximity lithography machines. In 1982, the 109 factory of the Academy of Sciences developed the KHA-75- 1 lithography machine, and then in 1985, the step lithography machine of our 45 Institute was also the first step projection lithography machine in China. I still remember that it used a 436-nanometer G-line light source at that time. "

Liang Zhiguo paused for a moment, with mixed emotions across his face, "It can be said that from 1977 to 1985, our entire semiconductor and lithography machines were moving faster, and we have been shortening the distance with the United States. 79 When the 8080 was imitated in 2010, even Germany couldn’t do it.”

"What about after 85 years?" Seeing that Liang Zhiguo paused again, Meng Qian asked proactively.

"After 85 years, the gap that had just been caught up began to be widened again."

"Why?"

"There are our own internal causes and external causes, and the external cause is the sudden emergence of the Neon Kingdom at that time.

To be honest, at that time we were able to continuously shorten the gap with the United States, and it was indeed because the breakthrough speed of the United States itself was not very good, but when we regarded the United States as a competitor, the Neon State began to pour its power into the country in 1976 development of the semiconductor industry.

Almost in 1985, Neon Country became the new overlord of the semiconductor industry.

As a result, a semiconductor industry war between the United States and the Neon State began. The trade war triggered by this war is well known to the world, but many people may not know that the Neon State forced the US government to come forward and demand the development of the American Enterprise Alliance. Semiconductors, but everyone didn't buy it at first, and later Moore came out to lead the alliance.

In other words, in order to fight against the neon country, the United States can be regarded as devoting all the power of the technology industry at that time.

Since then, the semiconductor industry has accelerated its original pace in the competition. In this melee, the country of Koryo sold out the neon country. At the same time, the country took the opportunity to develop its own semiconductor industry, but we did not What substantive actions are made in this melee.

This has to mention the internal cause, Mr. Meng should know what happened in 1978. "

Meng Qian thought for a while after being asked, and asked unsurely, "Reform and opening up?"

"That's right." Liang Zhiguo nodded, "When we were experiencing great changes in the semiconductor industry outside, we were undergoing reform and opening up. We were really poor at the time, so we proposed reform and opening up, the core of modernization, and the idea of ​​improving everyone. standard of living.

Therefore, when the other three countries are devoting their efforts to the development of semiconductors, we are devoting our efforts to economic development.

The gap in the entire industry has naturally been widened.

This is the first, and second, after the reform and opening up, we were in line with international standards. At that time, we had the option of purchasing many products. Before we wanted to make something, we didn’t have the concept of importing it. We just made it ourselves, no matter how difficult it is. It also has to be made.

But now, we can import, and many people choose to import, especially for entrepreneurs, they are not like employees of research institutes, they seldom think about long-term development or future restrictions, they do business considerations It is how to make money. For them, building is to burn money to build, and buying is to buy to make money. This is how the concept of building is worse than buying.

And this has also brought about another obvious defect in our country's semiconductor industry. We have almost no private companies doing this, but semiconductors themselves are commercial products, not weapons, and they are not state-monopoly products. In the United States, in Ni In Hongguo, semiconductor companies are all private companies, but in China, there are almost zero private companies that make high-end semiconductors.

Especially with the backwardness of our semiconductor industry, less and less private companies dare to enter this industry, because this industry means endless burning of money. A vicious circle has slowly formed.

Meng Qian lowered his head and let out a long breath through his nose. The most real emotion in his heart at this moment was helplessness. At the time of the reform and opening up, it was indeed when China was very poor, but it was at that time that the Neon Kingdom provoked The first revolution in the semiconductor industry, if it was ten years later, might there be some differences?

Meng Qian didn't know either, but history is history. If there is no if, no one can do anything, "So our lithography machine industry and even the semiconductor industry are behind others by at least ten years?"

"It's not accurate to say that." Liang Zhiguo said, "Although there are these problems, the entire semiconductor industry in China has been developing, but it is difficult to make any breakthroughs under the current situation, because after the scuffle, the The semiconductor industry has taken a step up, but although we haven’t had any private companies enter the market these years, we still haven’t given up on this industry and have been catching up.”

"Mr. Liang, what is the level of our current lithography machine? How much is it different from the United States and the Neon State?"

"If you only talk about the field of lithography machines, it is really difficult to quantify the difference. If you simply compare the realization time of a certain resolution horizontally, then we may be behind by about ten years, but you still have to Considering the external development speed and internal development speed of the lithography machine.

Generally speaking, the lithography machine market is divided into high-end, mid-end and low-end. Our current level in China is probably between the mid-end and mid-to-high end.

For example, the high-end lithography machines made by the old factory Nikon and the rising star ASML, we can’t make them now. This involves issues such as craftsmanship and design, but why I emphasize that the gap is not easy to quantify, because in the past few years The entire industry of lithography machines has encountered a very serious problem.

Everyone is now trapped in this problem, causing the current development contradictions of this industry to be shifted. "

"What's the problem?" Meng Qian asked subconsciously.

"How to shorten the 193nm wavelength of the lithography light source to 157nm." Liang Zhiguo said lightly.

However, Meng Qian's heart was restless at the moment.

"That's it! It seems that the memory of the previous life is correct!"

Meng Qian got the information he wanted most from Liang Zhiguo.

Thanks easeerson for the reward! Thanks to the handsome guy Yiyi for the reward! Thank you Xianzhi for your reward!