King of German Mercenaries

Da Vinci and the team of craftsmen worked overtime to develop spring steel, stimulated by Marin's bounty. In particular, Da Vinci worked very hard to get Marin's support to marry Lisa.

Finally, Leonardo da Vinci and the craftsmen developed a spring steel with a little regret...

The so-called defect is because the 65Mn ordinary spring steel they made lacks chromium and nickel components. Although the content of these two elements is very small, it still has a little impact on the quality. Moreover, other components, such as manganese, silicon, copper, etc., are present.

But Da Vinci and others struggled to control the proportion of the demands given by Marin. Manganese is naturally the pyrolusite ore sent by Marin to Venice, and copper is better. But silicon, Da Vinci doesn't know what silicon is. So, Marin simply asked him to add high-purity quartz sand to the steel-making crucible. Then, he gave him the calculation formula, and told him the ratio of manganese content in pyrolusite and the ratio of silicon in quartz sand.

In this way, Da Vinci and others finally came up with a slightly flawed (without chromium-nickel) spring steel. Then again, the troubles encountered in the quenching stage.

Craftsmen of this era are basically used to water quenching. Water quenching makes the spring steel harder, but also more brittle, which affects the elasticity of the spring.

Ultimately, Marin suggested that they be oil quenched. Coincidentally, the whaler killed a small whale and brought back a lot of whale oil. So Marin asked them to try quenching with whale oil. Then, the spring steel attempt was successful.

In fact, Marin remembers that the quenching of special steel is a very profound knowledge in later generations. In addition to water quenching and oil quenching, various chemicals are added to the quenching liquid to enhance the properties of the steel.

But Marin obviously doesn't understand the quenching process, only knows that there are water quenching and oil quenching, and dual-medium quenching that mixes water quenching and oil quenching. But double-medium quenching is very troublesome to study, and what he wants is not a high-end spring, so he simply uses oil quenching.

Due to the lack of chrome-nickel elements and the less modern workmanship, Marin reckons that this 65 gauge spring steel is not as modern. Therefore, after winding out a very thick car spring, it was found that its bearing capacity was limited.

Marin had never driven a car in his previous life, but his pedal-powered electric bike had spring shock absorbers on the wheels. The principle is very simple, that is, a relatively thick coil spring is covered on the outside of a steel cylinder similar to a gas cylinder.

When pressure is applied to the frame, the "gas handlebars" transfer the pressure to the springs. The spring begins to deform, but because the spring is restricted by the steel cylinder similar to the gas cylinder, it will not deform horizontally, but only vertically.

When the spring is deformed, the pressure from the frame is fully offset, which greatly reduces the vibration of the body. Marin directed the craftsmen to build four spring shock absorbers, which were placed between the frame and wheels of a wagon, and tested.

It turned out that the largest spring shock absorbers they could make, four combined, could only withstand a maximum of 1.5 tons of the weight of the car. No matter how heavy the weight is, the spring is easily crushed. This kind of affordability is mostly used in small-displacement private cars in later generations. A slightly larger private car cannot be used.

But in this day and age, the weight of the carriage of a four-wheeled carriage was not very large. Generally, a closed carriage carrying two people does not weigh more than 1 ton. Only when several people are carried, like the British golden carriage, will the weight reach 3 tons. Of course, that was also because the carriage was too rich. Not only did it have a lot of space, but it also used a lot of dense gold, resulting in the weight of the carriage exceeding 3 tons.

Generally, a two-seater carriage, even if the carriage is covered with steel plates, plus the passengers, will not weigh more than 1.5 tons. So, Marin immediately ordered craftsmen to build a two-seater (can also squeeze 3 people) carriage with steel plate protection and glass windows, control the weight of the carriage (including 3 passengers) within 1.5 tons, and install it on spring dampers.

After testing, the shock absorption performance of the new carriage is very good (compared to the carriage without shock absorbers),

It's incredibly comfortable to ride. Equipped with the ball bearings that were made earlier, the new carriage was extremely comfortable.

So Marin invited Angela, his mother-in-law and Ferris to ride. The three women were amazed when they rode in this very shock-absorbing carriage.

Then, Angela revived her enthusiasm for cruising around in a carriage. You know, I used to ride a carriage without shock absorbers and bumped people every time. With shock absorbers these days, the carriage should not be too comfortable.

The pommel horse fatigued by the ancients, modern people are actually not able to deeply understand. Because modern vehicles all have shock absorbers. Modern people take long-distance buses, and many people actually fall asleep comfortably along the way.

But you try to switch to the ancient carriage? That's called a bump. Maybe you just fell asleep, and suddenly a violent bump suddenly wakes you up and makes you extremely uncomfortable.

Moreover, there were no smooth concrete roads and asphalt roads in ancient times, and most of the roads were bumpy. Without a shock absorber, it can spit out people's overnight meals.

Therefore, in ancient times, it was a very painful thing to take a horse-drawn carriage every time, especially for the weak. Even a young man like Marin was not used to riding in a carriage. Every time he went out, Marin rode a horse. Although riding a horse is bumpy, as long as you master the skills and adjust your body according to the rhythm of getting off the horse, it is not as uncomfortable as a carriage. Only a person who can't ride a horse, sitting rigidly in the saddle, will bump and feel uncomfortable.

When Angela and the mother and daughter took the new carriage for a round trip from Orihi to Emden, Angela excitedly told Marin that she had fallen asleep comfortably in the carriage.

Marin actually didn't think so in his heart (Which time did he not sleep on a long-distance bus in his previous life?), but on the surface, he still showed a surprised expression according to Angela's expectations...

In fact, if it wasn't for Marin's safety concerns, he added steel plate protection on the outside to prevent assassination, using an open-top model or using a wooden body, it would be no problem for the carriage to carry four strong men.

Next, Marin had the craftsmen build a couple of spring shock absorbers that crashed into several other wagons. However, thicker shock springs are difficult to wind and machine. During processing, even the most skilled craftsmen are prone to scrap. Therefore, this kind of spring is destined to be incapable of mass production.

Moreover, because the spring capacity is limited, it cannot be applied to the wagon. Because the weight of the carriages of the wagons often exceeds 1.5 tons. Even if the shock spring is installed, it is easy to be crushed.

However, Marin came up with the shock spring, not for the purpose of transporting goods, but for the enjoyment of the nobles. As a result, all members of the Hoffman family got a shock-absorbing carriage for easy travel.

Then, the Schwartz, Franzberg and Kahn Kohler brothers, as well as the homes of Geoffrey and other high-ranking officials of the county, also received the shock-absorbing carriages of the Marin reward.

For a time, the shock-absorbing carriage became the best choice for the aristocrats of East Frisian County to travel. Because, riding a shock-absorbing carriage is too comfortable. Many aristocratic family members began to ride horse-drawn carriages, visit around, and even hold parties between ladies. Of course, it also means showing off their own carriage.

For example, the family members of some families who have received Marin rewards often go to the homes of good sisters who have not been rewarded with shock-absorbing carriages, and invite good sisters to ride in comfortable shock-absorbing carriages. Then, I enjoyed looking at the envy and jealous eyes of my good sister.

The most important thing is that the shock-absorbing carriage cannot be copied by others. Some blacksmiths, indeed, started copying Marlin's shock absorbers and came up with springs. However, they are springs made of ordinary iron, not even steel. Then, the shock-absorbing carriages of those cottages worked just fine the first few times. After a few uses, the springs were deformed or directly broken, which almost caused a serious accident. The deformed spring cannot continue to provide shock absorption. As a result, the shock-absorbing carriages of the cottage soon withdrew from the market...

And Marin's carriages are not only of good quality, but Marin also marked the maximum carrying capacity for each carriage. Because the maximum weight of a carriage carriage cannot exceed 1.5 tons. Therefore, after each carriage is sent out, Marin will deduct the weight of the carriage from 1.5 tons, mark the maximum load in pounds, and warn the user not to overload, otherwise the shock absorber will have problems. Moreover, because the spring is not rust-proof, it usually needs to be oiled for protection. Once the spring is rusted, it needs to be replaced in time. Otherwise, the rusted spring steel is also easy to break...