Australian Storm 1876

  Chapter 657 King Wu

  Peking City at the end of the 19th century

  The walls of the tall palace are strong inside and outside, and there are numerous palaces and pavilions.

Outside the Qianmen Street, there are many merchants and commoners with knitting horses and melon skin hats. Everyone who sees the eight-flag brothers carrying bird cages and heroes along the street bows down and beats thousands of people from a distance. These men are offended. Sorry.

Even in the days of the Great Northern Famine, Gyeonggi Province rarely sees large groups of hungry victims. It is not that these victims who went north did not want to go to Beijing to seek a way to survive, but were blocked at the first line of Tianjin Weijing Xianghe River, or Beizhili. In Baoding Mansion, no nuisance to the imperial city is allowed.

  The noise of people in the city of Beiping is noisy, and there is a peaceful and peaceful atmosphere in a peaceful and prosperous age.

  In the military plane, there was something difficult to resolve that day. As a last resort, Elle and Bu went to the palace with Prince Shiduo to meet the Queen Mother, and gave a detailed explanation.

  In the palace, it was also difficult to deal with it. This kind of case where the kings and queens of a foreign country came to the court together, and the Qing Dynasty has not encountered it a few times in more than 200 years, and there is no precedent to follow.

  The officials of the Ministry of Etiquette can only look through the piles of old papers to find examples of the previous dynasty, and handle them accordingly.

  After several days of deliberation, the imperial court issued the imperial decree, which was received by Zhu Wei, Earl of Mingyuan, the representative of the Ocean Kingdom who came to Beijing to see him.

  In fact, at this time, Queen Gu Liuyan and her party have arrived in Guangzhou. They visited Gu Yanchuan, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi who was already sick. The family meeting was naturally a pleasant surprise, and I will not mention it here.

  The imperial court did not expressly allow it. The Governor’s Mansion of Guangdong and Guangxi naturally knew that the Queen’s private visit was an earth-shattering event, so it was kept secret from outsiders.

  Only in the Forbidden City, I am worrying about how to deal with this matter.

  The vassal state system of the Qing Dynasty was more than 200 years before and after. During these 200 years, the Qing Dynasty adhered to the ancient tributary system of suzerainty. However, in modern times, due to the growing weakness of the country and unable to withstand the colonial impact from the West, the suzerainty system has been shaky.

  In the Qing Dynasty, "vassal state" and "subsidiary state" are quite broad concepts, and the situation is very different. Some are vassal-vassal relations, which are vassal states in the true sense, and some are general diplomatic and trade relations, which are actually foreign countries.

  In the eyes of the Qing Dynasty, "Xianfeng Zhengshuo, diligence and tribute", without exception, were all vassal states of the heavenly kingdoms.

  Since modern times

  The Qing Dynasty had very frequent exchanges with its neighboring countries. For example, the court regarded North Korea, Annan, Ryukyu and other neighboring countries as "outer vassals."

  The term “outer domain” means “a barrier outside”.

  In the view of the Qing Dynasty, the vassal kings or vassal towns guarding the frontiers constituted the barrier of the capital, while the frontier tribes or surrounding countries became the frontiers that guarded the upper kingdom of the heavenly dynasty. "Outer vassal" has similar meanings to terms such as "fan clothes", "subordinate country", "fan tribe", "fan vassal", "fan country", etc., and can refer to the various tribes of the frontier ethnic groups and neighboring countries of the subject.

  "Neifan" refers to the various frontier ethnic tribes in China, such as Mongolia, Tibet, and Hui. The tribes of Kokand, Anjiyan, and Bulut outside of Karen in Xinjiang were collectively referred to by the Qing court as the "waifan".

  Emperor Qianlong once called Kazak and Brute "subordinate to the tribe of the foreign feudal clan", and the "outer feudal tribe" here means "belonging to the country" in the semantics of Emperor Qianlong.

Britain, Russia, Japan, and other countries that have never been subject to the vassal, the Qing Dynasty avoids the use of vassal meanings such as "fellowship", "subordinate", "subordinate state" and other titles in the process of communicating with them, but mostly use "outer feudal vassal". "To be called.

  So in the imperial edict, the Ocean Kingdom is also called "outer domain".

Ming Yuan Bo Zhu Wei entered the palace after receiving the decree. He met with Emperor Guangxu and presented a sincere tribute. It contained 20,000 imperial singles one-step guns, 2 million rounds, 60 field artillery, 50 horses, and 200 Arabian horses. Horses, 100 Arab beauties, several diamond agates.

  Zhu Wei also brought a secret letter written by Li Fushou, king of the Ocean Kingdom, directly to the Emperor Guangxu.

  This is a generous tribute list, which implies a hard-handed and soft-handed meaning, which made the Manchu and Qing court had to be cautious.

  The ordinary small country, can not come up with such a big deal.

  Outer feudal vassal can be divided into two types, which are completely different in nature. The first category is Xinjiang, Tibet, and Mongolia.

  The second category is the foreign feudal vassal in Kazakhstan, Brute, Vietnam, North Korea, Ryukyu, Myanmar, etc., which are "non-affiliated foreign vassals."

  The imperial court had a strong sense of "inner" and "outer". Among them, the Lifan Yuan "held the decree of the inner and outer vassal mongolia to return to the tribe, controlling and facilitating, so as to strengthen the country."

  After the Qing Dynasty settled the Dingzhongyuan, it took a lot of specific measures to further strengthen the governance of Tibet. "Today, the soldiers are in possession, and the people outside the borders are meticulously transformed, and the land of Sanzang and Ali are all incorporated into the territory."

   "How do you know that our country is unified with China and foreign countries, with more than 20,000 li of land in the northwest, and all translations can be understood. And the Tibetan lama, for a long time under the celestial dynasty".

In the fifth year of Yongzheng, the Qing court set up a minister in Tibet to exercise management power on behalf of the court; promulgated 13 articles of the "Regulations for the Rehabilitation of Tibet" and Article 29 of the "Regulations for the Rehabilitation of Tibet". These measures enabled the Qing Dynasty to implement the Tibetan area Its effective jurisdiction.

  In the Qianlong Dynasty, after the Qing army suppressed the Junggar Tribe and the Hui Tribe, the northwestern frontier was fully included in the Qing Dynasty's rule, and finally the territory of the Qing Dynasty was established. "Today, all the Zhungars are flat, and Ili is an internal subordinate."

  The Qing court set up an official office in Yili and stationed an army, and its management was equivalent to that of the inland. The Qing government stationed ministers, generals, and prime minister Burke affairs in various cities in southern Xinjiang, and awarded Burke various grades.

  The Qing Dynasty regarded tribes and countries located outside the national border (that is, outside the traditional customary boundary) as foreign vassals. Such as Kazakh, Brut, Kokand, Aiwuhan (Afghanistan), Windusstan, etc. outside Xinjiang.

  Overseas and foreign vassal affairs generally belong to the manager of the ritual department, and the principal and guest are in charge of the affairs of North Korea, Ryukyu, Vietnam, Nanzhang, Siam, Sulu, the Netherlands, Myanmar, and Western countries such as tribute and feudal attacks.

  According to the rules of the imperial court, the Ocean Kingdom belongs to the foreign vassal outside the country, and the rites are responsible for the management of affairs.

   late nineteenth century

  Great changes have taken place in the domestic and international situation of the Qing Dynasty. Western powers began to invade China, and the so-called foreign vassals in the city became empires in an instant, and gradually began to cannibalize and invade the "foreign vassal states" surrounding the Qing Dynasty.

  Britain invaded Sikkim, Bhutan, and Gurkha around Tibet, Tsarist Russia invaded Kazakh and Brute around Xinjiang, and France invaded Vietnam and Burma outside the southwestern frontier. With the rise of the Fuso Kingdom, Ryukyu, North Korea and other vassal states that belonged to the Qing Dynasty were gradually invaded or annexed, and the frontiers were frequently warned, which made the Qing court very anxious.

  Under this situation, the original concepts of the so-called vassal state, foreign vassal, and vassal service were all shattered. The Qing Dynasty fell into a brief understanding of confusion and needed to re-understand the world.

under these circumstances

  The joint visit of the King and Queen of the Ocean Kingdom is undoubtedly a big problem for the Forbidden City.

How to locate   ?

  This is related to the standard of reception and etiquette. As a kingdom of heaven, it is absolutely necessary to lose etiquette. This is related to the decentness of the royal family, which is a top priority.

  A few days later, Emperor Guangxu once again received Earl Zhu Wei, the envoy of the Great Ocean Kingdom, and gave a special decree.

  Today, there are overseas foreign vassal Ocean Kingdoms, and they admire Chinese etiquette. They come to the pilgrimage from thousands of miles away.

  Think of me Huaxia Wuhua Tianbao, which produces abundance, which is admired by the Dunhua etiquette world.

Today, the foreign vassal Yi country pays tribute to the dynasty to respect it, as it is the scene of the prosperous age, I allow it to play, and I will designate the king of the Ocean Kingdom Li Fushou as the "King of Wu", the prince, Li Gu is the queen, and his son Li Siyuan is Bong En Zhongguo, to show the emperor's grace.

  Er and others should have their own peace, good business relations, and harmonious relations.

   Mindful of the long journey, Zhou Ma Lao Dun, King Wu and the queen do not have to go to Beijing to meet, and Prince Gong Yi went to Guangdong and Guangxi on the same day, and treated him with the king’s courtesy.

  The imperial court's meaning is very clear. I can't stop you if you want to come, but it's good to see your relatives in Guangdong and Guangxi. Don't be a capital to cause trouble.

The Manchu and Qing imperial courts were very generous when it came to granting kings. Originally, among foreign diplomatic relations, the Manchu and Qing imperial courts always had precedents for granting kings to the leaders of the Inner and Outer Mongolia tribes. There is no doubt about it.

  This time, King Li Fushou of the Ocean Kingdom wanted a title of "King Zhao". The court hesitated and considered for a long time, but finally found it inappropriate.

  The Manchu and Qing court was not the United Kingdom. They knew that the title of "King Zhao" was once owned by Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty and Li Shimin. Its significance is extraordinary and it must not be granted easily.

Li Fushou, the lord of the Ocean Kingdom, was originally a descendant of the Li and Tang dynasties. Does this mean that he has never forgotten the homeland of China and has unpredictable thoughts?

  The matter involved the fundamentals of the country and the dynasty. Anyone with any suspicion would not be easily accepted by the Manchu and Qing court, condoning the improper ambitions of the Ocean Kingdom, let alone giving it a pretext to spy on the Central Plains.

  I rashly refused and was afraid of causing strong dissatisfaction from the other party. After careful consideration, he finally gave the "King Wu" the nondescript prince noble title.

To be truly investigated, the title of King Wu has to go back thousands of years to the Shang Dynasty. It is not as sensitive as Qin, Zhao, Han, Chu, Jin, Lu, and Qi, and it is a prince with a sufficiently ancient origin and a sufficiently noble position. It is also worthy of Li Fushou, the lord of the Ocean Kingdom.

  As for the British emperor given the title of "King of Qin", the Manchu Qing court thought that it was a country of barbarians, and it was completely innumerable.

  The matter was so decided, and both parties expressed satisfaction.

Zhu Wei stayed in Beijing for more than ten days, and then signed a trade treaty with the Qing court on behalf of the Ocean Kingdom, citing business practices in countries such as Britain and France. The treaty stipulated that the Ocean Kingdom could conduct business in the four commercial ports of Guangzhou, Shanghai, Weihaiwei and Tianjin without permission. , Do not enter the mainland.

Later, another imperial decree from the Forbidden City was awarded to the Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, Gu Yanchuan, reciting the hard work of the Nanguo in Qiyong Town. He was awarded the crown prince Taibao and the scholar of the Wenhua Pavilion. Reward some silver.

  As the imperial decree was successively issued, this troublesome matter that made the court scratch its head finally came to an end.

  (End of this chapter)